Tuesday, November 8, 2016

20161109 principle and concept L2 by Percy Chang 陳明時 (part 2:VDO討論)

這堂課延續了上次principle, concept, and practice in prosthodontics-1989
上面這是一份ACP在1989年發表的, 各位可以到JPD自行下載。或是可以email給我,我會傳給你一份。
P.89 右邊
首先,先定義freeway space= interocclusal rest space。
Interocclusal rest space(GPT):the difference between the vertical dimension of rest and the vertical dimension while in occlusion

共有六種方法可以找到適當的VDO:
1.VDR-VDO=2-4mm
  但是這數字是class I jaw relationship, class 2: 0.5-1mm, class 3: 3-5mm
  由此可知, class 2病人可超作空間更有限!

2.closest speaking space:(GPT)
   the space between the anterior teeth that, according to Dr. Earl Pound, should not be more or less than 1 to 2 mm of clearance between the incisal edges of the teeth when the patient is unconsciously repeating the letter ‘‘S.’’ Dr. Meyer M. Silverman termed this speaking centric, which was defined as the closest relationship of the occlusal surfaces and incisal edges of the mandibular teeth to the maxillary teeth during function and rapid speech. This was later called closest speaking level by Dr. Silverman and finally the closest speaking space
    s sound: horizontal and vertical overlap大約1mm, 反正不可以撞到, 用發音來決定.
    補充: UCLA會建議排牙3-3, or 4-4較好,因為看1st premolar垂直分離比較準。

3.Proprioception or choice by patient
    Proprioception (GPT):the reception of stimulation(冷熱, 酸甜,碰撞大小, 觸覺, 吞嚥) of sensory nerve terminals within the tissues of the body that give information concerning movements and the position of the body; perception mediated by proprioceptors. 此為反射動作, 


4.Swallowing on soft wax cones
吞嚥容易度, 牙齒碰到才能吞嚥,所以CR時muscle最放鬆才能吞嚥但只有短暫時間,所以用吞嚥抓CR不容易。 

(測量)是否在CR: 吞嚥時容易與否 
但是有個致命缺點:  大都受到舌頭影響

5.Relative parallelism of ridges
increase or decrease too much: openbite(diversity) or posterior decrease (conversion)
補充: 怎麼定義occlusal plan是門大學問, 但是根據Dr. Beumer給的tip: 先確定門牙位置(可以依照rest position時, 門牙露出1mm; f sound, incisal edge touch wet-dry line)

6.General appearance of the midface profile
口角不可以內塌,不然會造成angular cheilitis 








occlusal equilibration & occlusal adjustment (GPT 8)


occlusal equilibration : the modification of the occlusal form of the teeth with the intent of equalizing occlusal stress, producing simultaneous occlusal contacts or harmonizing cuspal relations.

=>這是一個理想的咬合,也就是只會出現在咬合器上,因為真實病人口中多了肌肉跟有厚度的軟組織,而不是只有骨頭,且骨頭是有彈性的,可變化的因素過多,無法證明在口內存在。

     完美的occlusal stress會出現咬點大小均勻; 在8 micron Simstock同時有咬點; cuspal relation可以咬到對咬的fossa or marginal ridge (但不建議), 就是不能咬在inclination

(原因:因為單純的垂直咬力下,自然牙的後牙不希望有側方力干擾; 後牙之所以不喜歡側方干擾,是因為牙根天生就是分岔的,適合分散垂直咬合力,但是不適合側方力量)。

occlusal adjustment: 1: any change in the occlusion intended to alter the occluding relation 2: any alteration of the occluding surfaces of the teeth or restorations.

=>這只是一個動作的描述,所以不知道有沒有達到理想的咬合。此名詞為最大公約數,可以用enamoplasty  or occlusal reshaping來代用,但是唯一不可說的是: adjust occlusion,因為根據M-W 字典:to change (something) in a minor way so that it works better,你怎麼知道是不是調到更好,且咬合(occlusion)是一個空泛的名詞,咬合面(occlusal plan)才是真實的名詞,因此不可混用。

Interocclusal distance & Interocclusal rest space

GPT 8

Interocclusal distance: the distance between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in a specified position.

=>這名詞其實很模糊,因為如果只是單純的一顆缺牙,用這名詞要從哪裡算起就很難說。因此,大多缺牙空間,我都會用vertical prsothodontic space來指出假牙需要的空間跟方向。
另外,為何比較 interocclusal rest space是因為最後下顎位置是不是在C.R.。如果是habitual bite,後牙咬合穩定時,咬合就是在MIP; 後牙咬合不穩定時,就不知道在哪啦~

Interocclusal rest space:the difference between the vertical dimension of rest and the vertical dimension while in occlusion.

=>其實上面就是freeway space的正式名稱,也就VDO-VDR的空間代表名詞。重點是如何達到rest position (一定要站起來,看前方,吞口水,發M聲,至少量三次最標準)。不一定要用Boley gauge,用一般壓舌板也行,只要有標記號就好,一般抓2-4mm。

20161109 principle and concept L2 by Percy Chang 陳明時 (part 1:bone resorption討論)

這堂課延續了上次principle, concept, and practice in prosthodontics-1989
上面這是一份ACP在1989年發表的, 各位可以到JPD自行下載。或是可以email給我,我會傳給你一份。
P.89 右邊

15. bone resorption造成因素: 共15個factors(systemic or local)
思考分兩個層面: local or systemic
local :主要考量 
  1.unstable denture base: ill-fitting integlio surface may cause deformation。

  2.occlusal trauma: improper occlusion。

  3.periodontal involve: 有牙周病的牙齒,在拔牙過後,拔牙處會吸收更快。

  4.長期戴不適當的假牙: plastic removable partial denture。

  5.incorrect design: e.g.lower removable denture and upper fixed prsothodontics。

  6.Kelly syndrome:
       combination syndrome(GPT): the characteristic features that occur when an edentulous maxilla is opposed by natural mandibular anterior teeth, including loss of bone from the anterior portion of the maxillary ridge, overgrowth of the tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia of the hard palate’s mucosa, extrusion of the lower anterior teeth, and loss of alveolar bone and ridge height beneath the mandibular removable dental prosthesis bases—also called anterior hyperfunction syndrome

   7.帶假牙習慣跟時間: 連續24小時可能導致stomatitis 

   8.stable balancing occlusion: height of cusp: no difference ;因為是由咬和決定, 
         不是由cusp height決定, 高咬頭=>muscle activity降低=>不需用力咬就咬穿(反觀零度咬力增加)
         也不是chewing efficiency: 不是造成骨吸收, 咬力大小不會影響
         補充: 華盛頓大學有份實驗證明,帶假牙的咬力只有一般自然牙咬力的1/4,這跟哪一種咬頭,是不是low FMA都沒關係,因為這是大腦的反射。由於只能靠denture base上面的軟組織作反應,所以無論多好咬,大腦得到的資訊就只有denture base這麼一部分,所以大腦給咀嚼肌肉的指令就只能出這麼多的力氣(避免自我咬傷)。
   
   9.VDO:過多或過少都會造成骨吸收。decrease=> over-closure, mandible會往前&往上=>bone resorption
      According to Kentucky, 一副好的假牙(每年調咬合, stable occlusion, maximium contact), with 30º 假牙:VDO 20yr f/u, 平均每年VDO吸收 0.13mm (male: 0.09mm; female: 0.15mm)

systemic:  paper: Systemic factors in alveolar bone loss
  10.甲狀腺亢進或切除: 亢進會分泌過多PTH: 甲狀腺分泌Chitonin,所以當甲狀腺被切除時,鈣質吸收也會受影響,也會造成骨頭吸收。

  11.osteoprosis骨質疏鬆症: 女性停經期後, 體重過輕都是高風險。

  12.長期服用steroid: SLE or autotransplantation。

  13.副甲狀腺分泌過多: primary or secondary都會resorption。

  14.hyperparadism : 鈣質無法吸收。


  15.genetic: 黑人骨頭較硬 density高



























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